This dissertation discusses the economic situation of Zanzibar agriculture in the period of the Omani rule of Al Busidi (1832-1964) studying agriculture as an activity developed in Zanzibar for economic purposes, and the transformation of Zanzibar community from a limited community to subsistence agriculture to a society working in cash farming and study the impact of that shift on The study took the descriptive analytical approach to achieve the objectives of the study, The study is divided into: a preface, three chapters and a conclusion. The introduction dealt with the geography of Zanzibar and the settlements. The first chapter deals with the land and its division among the local population as well as the agricultural systems and crops that were associated with local agriculture. The second chapter deals with the cultivation of cloves, which was based on the agricultural economy in Zanzibar. It also discusses the role of the Omani elements in the success of its cultivation, the discussion of their conditions and the reasons that led to the establishment of the Society of clover producers and its relationship with Indians. The third chapter discusses the effects of growing agricultural activity, Handheld. The study came out with several results, most notably: 1. The study identified the agricultural conditions of the local population of Zanzibar. 2. The study revealed the most important agricultural systems that worked in Zanzibar, such as the system of land rest and agricultural partnership system (NusNus). 3. The study explained the reasons for introduction of clove cultivation to Zanzibar, and the policies adopted by Sultan Said to succeed and encourage this agriculture. 4. The study highlighted the relationship between owners, traders and labor. 5. The study revealed the situation of the Omani owners, and the reasons that led to its decline, which led to the establishment of the (Clove Growers Association). 6. The study revealed the role that (Clove Growers Association) had played to solve the problems of owners. 7. The study highlighted the effects of growing agricultural activity in Zanzibar, such as AL Waqf and Urban Development.