Objectives:This study aims to study how Bio-Oss® can induce osteoblast differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells, the expression levels of bone related genes and mesenchymal stem cells markers using real time Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction. Methods: PB-hMSCs stem preparations were obtained for gradient centrifugation from peripheral blood of healthy anonymous volunteers, using the Acuspin System-Histopaque 1077. The samples were then cultured for 7 days for RNA processing, and the expression was quantified using real time PCR. indicating the differentiation effect of this biomaterial on stem cells. Conclusion: The results obtained can be relevant to enhance the understanding of the molecular mechanism of bone regeneration and can act as a model for comparing other materials with similar clinical effects. From the 1Orthopedic Department, University of Ferrara, Italy, 2Department of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, University of Bologna, Italy, 3Department of Morfology and Embriology, University of Ferrara, Italy, 4Dental clinic, University of Chiant, Italy, 5Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Ferrara, Italy. Results: Bio-Oss® caused an induction of osteoblast transcriptional factor like RUNX2 and of bone related genes; SPP1 and FOSL1. In contrast, the expression of ENG was significantly decreased in stem cells treated with Bio-Oss® with respect to untreated cells, Conclusion: The results obtained can be relevant to enhance the understanding of the molecular mechanism of bone regeneration and can act as a model for comparing other materials with similar clinical effects.