The conduct of hostilities has often resulted in the destruction of irreplaceable cultural property. Recognizing the significance of this loss to the cultural heritage of humanities, the international community adopted the 1954 Hague Convention protecting cultural property. This treaty constitutes one of the most importance tools for the protection of cultural property under International Humanitarian Law (IHL). This articles retraces all the kinds of the protection concerning this cultural property during the armed conflict, it shows also the situation emanated by the violation of the IHL rules and its legal consequences: State responsibility, individual responsibility.