With the increase concern on coastal environment, the focus on oil pollution in the coastal region of Sultanate of Oman has been growing in recent years. The present study assesses the existing water quality parameters along the coast of the Sultanate of Oman and is thus useful for the government agencies dealing with the coastal environment. Conductivity, Temperature and Depth (CTD) probe was used to study the water quality in the Gulf of Oman. The probe was equipped with temperature, conductivity, pressure, dissolved oxygen, turbidity and chlorophyll-a sensors. Samples of seawater from the Gulf of Oman were analyzed to determine the amounts and concentrations of heavy metals such as vanadium and lead that are believed to be the indicators of oil pollution. The range of temperature over the water column in the Gulf of Oman was 29°C to 31°C in the summer and 23°C to 26°C in the winter. It was found that the average salinity over the water column of seawater is slightly higher in the region close to the capital city of Muscat than near Ras al-Hadd. The concentration of dissolved oxygen was found to be generally close to the lower limit of a healthy marine life. Furthermore, the region close to Sifah (south of Muscat) was found to be under high environmental stress by virtue of the lack of dissolved oxygen (values of DO close to 4 parts per million (ppm)). The concentrations of lead and vanadium were found to be extremely high at the stations close to high maritime traffic regions along the coast.