Childhood is considered as one of the most important stages in life, and probably it has the most affect on his life. This stage includes the preschool education stage, which includes the children in the age range from three to six years old. The child moves into a very different system, which is the school system, in which he affects and gets affected by others where the school system is playing various roles to help the child become a good member in the society. Therefore, it is very important to take care of the development of the child's character from different sides to ensure the proper and right personal balance and to avoid any possible future problems. This study aimed at recognizing the problems faced by the children in the pre-school education stage and what reasons are causing them. The researcher investigated the social, psychological, behavioral and cognitive probleins and their reasons. Throughout the study, the researcher depended on the Descriptive Analytical Method, which was applied through the comprehensive social survey and the social sample survey. The researcher focused on a group of mothers, teachers and the management members in the smart student's centers at Muscat Governorate in her surveys. The key results have ensured the existence of various and different problems that might be faced by the children in the pre-school education stage. The results were found that the social and behavioral problems are faced more in comparison to the psychological and cognitive problems. The main social problems include the social shyness and lack of social interaction. Whereas, the psychological problems include the excessive stubbornness and love of possession. In addition, the main cognitive problems were found to be more in the lack of focus and not solving the given homework. Finally, the behavioral problems are mainly the hyperactivity and aggression. It was also clear that the teachers and the smart student's centers' management members were professional and able to recognize and notice the problems than mothers. The reason behind that is the long period spent by the children in the centers rather than homes, as most mothers depend on the housemaids in raising their children due to their work circumstances which led to reducing their ability in recognizing the problems faced by their own children. The study results have also shown that the main reasons leading to these problems are family in the first place and the educational methods followed in the children socialization. In light of the study results, the study provided some recommendations to define the role of the Social worker in the children's pre-school education stage. The study recommended hiring female Social workers in the institutions that host the children in their pre-school education stage in order to guarantee to provide a better care for the children from various sides, in addition to their ability to conduct studies in this field.