The aim of this research is to examine the provisions governing the liability of the maritime carrier, with a particular focus on defining such liability and identifying the cases of exemption from liability, in accordance with the provisions of the new maritime law of Oman. This is especially pertinent in light of the significant developments in the field of maritime transport worldwide and the growing economic importance of maritime transportation. This study adopted the descriptive-analytical method with a comparison of certain international agreements. Previous studies have revealed that there is a need for evaluation and reconsideration of certain provisions in light of the intensifying competition and rapid technological advancements in the field of maritime transport of goods. Through this research, it becomes clear that the new law has contradicted international agreements regarding legal limits, as it raised the maximum compensation limit for the liability of the maritime carrier in cases of loss, damage, or destruction of goods, unlike the repealed law. This study aims to examine the provisions of the new maritime law related to the contract of maritime transport, assessing the adequacy of its provisions in relation to today's realities. Accordingly, the study is divided into two chapters: the first chapter discusses the liability of the maritime carrier for goods, while the second chapter focuses on the cases and limits of exemption from liability. This is preceded by an introductory section that defines the concept of the maritime transport contract and the bill of lading.