Oman and China have a long history of diplomatic and trade relations, which recently developed with Oman's joining of the BRI in 2018. The BRI, the largest Chinese initiative, aims to connect Asia, Africa, and Europe using two main routes, the land and sea silk roads. The BRI project is aiming to provide prosperity and development to all parties linked to its network. This study is aiming first to examine the current position of the Oman and China relations in terms of trade, exports and imports, and investments. Furthermore, as Oman is intending to diversify its income sources as one of the main agenda items of its Vision 2040, the study focus on the potential areas of cooperation in the non-hydrocarbon sectors. In addition, it explores how Oman can boost its economic gains under the BRI in the non hydrocarbon sector especially in the agricultural and fisheries sector by addressing the challenges, risks, and opportunities. Towards obtaining the study objectives, a qualitative research approach is applied, and the study depends on primary and secondary sources of data. The study aims to provide various practical recommendations for government policymakers on how to address cooperation challenges in the non-hydrocarbon sectors such as agriculture and fishing.