The purpose of this study is to explore and highlight the Italian Diplomatic Documents regarding Oman, in particular, and the Arabian Gulf and East Africa, in general, The study highlights these documents and the way they have been archived in the Historical Archive of the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Rome in order to make them easily accessible. The study also presents key topics that are addressed in the diplomatic documents. The study browses samples of brief translations of selected documents which were translated by the researcher. The study shows that there are numerous Italian documents that are related to the area which is being studied in this research; the documents address important issues such as Arms trade, maritime traffic, and colonial rivalry in the region in addition to others; these documents constitute a real added value to the regions sources. Finally, the research emphasizes the need to explore and disclose these documents as what has been discovered is merely the first stage of the work.