This study aimed to identify the perception of illness among people with obsessive-compulsive disorder and its relationship to some variables. To achieve this goal, the researcher used a mixed approach (quantitative and qualitative) and two samples: the first sample consisted of 210 people with obsessive-compulsive disorder. In contrast, the second sample was composed of five selected cases, by intentional method from patients diagnosed with obsessivecompulsive disorder in the mental health clinic at the Ibra Health Center in the Sultanate of Oman. The researcher used both the BellBrown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale and the Illness Perception Scale that was developed for the study. The results showed a relatively high level of awareness of the symptoms of the disease, as the scores on the illness awareness scale ranged between 158 and 182 out of 215. This high level reflects patients’ good awareness of the existence of the problem affecting their daily lives. The study also revealed a great diversity in patients’ explanations for the causes of their disorder, with 40% of them relying on scientific and psychological explanations, while 60% resorted to cultural and spiritual explanations. As for the relationship between awareness of the disease and adherence to ‌ز treatment, the results showed that in 65% of cases, a deeper understanding of the disease was associated with better adherence to treatment. The results also highlighted a clear effect of disease perception on treatment orientation, as 75% of patients who understood their disorder from a medical and psychological perspective were more likely to seek specialized treatments. In contrast, 80% of those who linked their illness to spiritual causes initially preferred traditional treatments. An important observation is that 55% of patients gradually switched from traditional to medical and psychological treatments as their understanding of the nature of their disorder increased. Also, 70% of patients who received health education showed an improvement in their orientation towards effective treatments. The study recommended developing educational programs specifically for OCD patients that take into account their cultural backgrounds, conducting a comprehensive assessment of the patient’s perception at the beginning of treatment, and integrating cognitive-behavioral therapy techniques with methods that take into account the patient’s cultural and spiritual aspects. It also called for developing health policies that support community awareness and reduce the stigma associated with mental disorders. Keywords: awareness of illness, obsessive-compulsive disorder, obsessivecompulsive disorder patients.