This study aims to investigate the relationship between cycle one students' behavioral and emotional problems and the extent to which their parents are doing their roles. The study adopted a non- probability sampling as it involved 306 school students, 175 males and 136 females, 572 parents, 286 fathers, and 286 mothers, and 150 female teachers from Al Dakhiliyah Governorate. Two research instruments were used in this study. The first of which is the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) to measure the behavioral and emotional problems of cycle one students. The second one was the Parental Roles Scale prepared by the researcher, which included six dimensions, Upbringing of children, solving children's problems, Meeting children's needs, instilling values in children's hearts, controlling children's behavior, and strengthening the family's economy. The results showed that the level of the behavioral and emotional problems among cycle one students in Al Dakhiliyah Governorate was low with an average of (1.26) and a standard deviation of (0.29). The problem of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder scored as the most frequent problem with an average of (1.42), and the problem of physical complaints scored as the least frequent problem with an average of (1.07). Also, the study revealed that the level of parents doing their parental roles among the study sample of parents was high with an average of (4.34). Moreover, the dimension of children's upbringing came in the first place with an average of (4.66), and in the last place the part of strengthening the family economy came with an average (3.87). Furthermore, the study found statistically significant differences at the significance level (α≤0.05) between males and females in the level of behavioral and emotional problems in favor of males with an average of (1.31) compared to the females with an average of (1.19). Also, the study found a negative weak relationship between the level of behavioral and emotional problems and the level of parents doing their role.