This study intends to emphasize the significance of the role that the strategic vigilance philosophy plays in enhancing the competitiveness of small and medium-sized businesses. It is involved with gathering data from many sources, categorizing it, and then evaluating it. I will create a questionnaire to be distributed to a number of small and medium-sized businesses in the Sultanate in order to gather information from various sources, classify it, and then analyze it. I will then process the data statistically using the Statistical Data Analysis Package (SPSS) program. Through this study, we also discovered the importance of strategic vigilance, including its competitive, technological, and marketing dimensions, in achieving competitive advantage in small and medium-sized businesses, as well as the dependence of these businesses on it and the extent of its significant influence on achieving competitive advantage. What highlights this study is that it is the first in the Sultanate to define strategic vigilance, draw attention to it, emphasize its significance in gaining a competitive advantage, and keep up with recent developments in strategic management, which connect institutions to their internal and external environments and their awareness of everything that happens in the surrounding environment. Hopeful that this issue will strengthen the Sultanate's economy by enabling small and medium-sized businesses to compete with suppliers of a variety of goods and to export their goods abroad, this issue will have favorable repercussions for the survival and sustainability of institutions, their capacity, and their competitive advantage. Keywords: strategic vigilance, competitive advantage, small and medium enterprises