The period of time between (1861–1913) is a very important period of Omani history, This period was a turning point in the political history of Oman as it reflects the decay and the rupture of the Omani Empire founded during the Busaidi State in Oman and east Africa. This study tackles the results political economical and the social results of the divisions of the Omani empire of the British interference and the European rivalry in the 19th century. This period its very important period in the modern political history of due to serious results on Oman. The African part of the Sultanate was separated from its mother Sultanate as a result of the collision of Arab aspirations and the ambitions of Western powers. It describes the role played by the colonial powers, especially Britiain, as a prelude and the political and military interference of the Europeans, colonial activity. The study analyzes the results of division of the Omani Empire depending on the analytical approach in dealing with the events of this period. The study includes preface , an introduction, three chapters and conclusion. The preface is titled as "The reign of sayyid Said Bin Sultan "1806 to 1856". In the first chapter discusses the general situation and the events which took place as a result of the death of Sayyid Said (1856 - 1861) and the political vacuum created by his death and the disputes which had aroused between his sons and the interference of foreign powers The second chapter discusses the division of the Omani Empire (Arbitration of Lord Caning 1861) the causes , the procedures and discussions, the most important criticism of this arbitration according to the international law. The third chapter focused as the results of the arbitration Lord Canning which had divided the Sultanate of Oman and a logical analysis of the results and classified the results of political, economic, and social. The researcher reached a number of important results . According to the researcher , the most important result was the European strong desire of dividing the Omani Empire and economic, social and the political results of the division and its impact on Omani history. The study depended on different Omani, Arab and foreign documents and references in addition, to the university theses and articles in research journals and periodicals.