The research aims to recognize the degree of school principals' practice of innovative leadership and its relationship to organizational effectiveness in basic education schools (5-10) in Muscat and Al Dakhiliyah. In implementation of the objectives of the study, the descriptive correlative approach has been adopted. Also, the researched used questionnaire as a tool for the study in collecting data and information, of which the validity and reliability were confirmed, and it was applied on a sample consisted of (474) male and female teachers, from basic education schools (5-10). Among the most important results of the research are: the degree of innovative leadership practice among the principals of basic education schools in Muscat and Al Dakhiliyah in the Sultanate of Oman is deemed a large degree of practice. The results of the research also indicated that there are statistically significant differences at the significance level among the averages estimates of the research sample due to the gender variable in favor of females in the dimensions of (originality, fluency, flexibility) and not statistically significant in the dimension of sensitivity to problems. The research also showed that there are statistically significant differences at the significance level due to the governorate variable in the dimensions of (originality and fluency) in favor of Muscat Governorate, while there are no statistically significant differences in the dimensions of (flexibility and sensitivity to problems). The research indicates that there are statistically significant differences at the significance level due to the variable years of experience in favor of the sample of people with experience (less than ten years). The results also indicated that the degree of organizational effectiveness in basic education schools of grades (5-10) in Muscat and Al Dakhiliya in the Sultanate of Oman is deemed at a high level. The results indicate that there are statistically significant differences at the significance level due to the gender variable in favor of females in the dimension of self-development, while there are no statistically significant differences in the dimensions of achievement of a goal. The results also show that there are statistically significant differences at the significance level in the dimensions of (achievement of a goal, resource recruitment and competitive values). Also, the results showed that there are statically significant differences in the dimensions of achievement of goal, self-development and competitive values in favor of those with less than ten years, while there are no statistically significant differences in the dimension of resource recruitment is attributed to the variable years of experience. The results show that there are no statistically significant differences at the significance level due to the governorate variable. In addition to the above, the results of the research reveal the existence of a positive correlation and a statistical function among all dimensions of the innovative leadership of school principals and the dimensions of organizational effectiveness for the second cycle schools in Muscat and Al Dakhiliyah in the Sultanate of Oman. In light of the results of the research, there are a set of recommendations, most notably: conducting more training courses and programs that are concerned with developing the level of school principals' practice of innovative leadership, working to review school principals' evaluation mechanisms to include more items concerned with evaluating the degree of school principals' practice of innovative leadership and its impact on the organizational effectiveness of the school.