The objective of this study was to determine the extent to which mathematics teachers in the Governorate of Muscat possess the competencies of educational measurement and evaluation. The population of the study consisted of 478 the male and female cycle two basic education mathematics teachers in the Governorate of Muscat during the school year 2013/2014. The number of the male and female teachers was 478. The sample of the study consisted of 96 teachers representing 20% of the whole population. There were 48 male teachers and 48 female teachers. In order to achieve the objective of the study, the researcher constructed a test to measure measurement and evaluation competencies among teachers. The test was reviewed and validated by number of experts. In addition, the cronbach-alpha reliability was computed and reached (0.92). The data were statistically analyzed using means, standard deviations and multivariate analysis of variance. The study achieves that the degree of possession of the educational measurement and evaluation competencies by mathematics teacher is low. Moreover, a significant differences effect was found according to teaching experience in the degree of possession of educational measurement and evaluation competencies among cycle two mathematics teachers. These differences were in favor of the teachers with less experience. On the other hand, there was no similar significant effect for gender and work load. Finally, the study presented a number of recommendations and proposals.