The study aimed to uncover the relationship between psychological stress and quality of life in patients with chronic anemia in the Governorate of Muscat, and learn about the quality of life in patients with anemia. The study also aimed to find out the differences in psychological stress and quality of life depending on the variables of gender, level of education and the family living standard. The study population consisted of people with sickle cell anemia in the Governorate of Muscat, who are between the ages of (15-45) years, totaling (2182(. After counting the questionnaires the researcher received a sample of (118) of those with sickle cell anemia, where the number of infected people reached (49) males and (69) females. To analyze the statistical data, the researcher used the Pearson correlation coefficient, percentages, arithmetic means and analysis of variance. In order to achieve the purposes of the study, the researcher used two tools: the psychological stresses scale prepared by (Al Abri, 2010), and the quality of life scale prepared by (Mansi and Kazim, 2006). The study showed the following findings: 1. The total score of arithmetic mean in the psychological stresses scale in patients with anemia was (2.63), where social relations occupied the first place in this scale with an arithmetic mean value of (2.95) while the physical condition occupied the second place with an arithmetic mean of (2.67). The psychological state dimension ranked third with an arithmetic mean of (2.51), and the economic condition dimension ranked last with an arithmetic mean of (2.45). 2. The total score of the arithmetic mean in the quality of life scale in patients with anemia was (3.47) where family life ranked first in the scale with an arithmetic mean of (4.15), and the emotions dimension came in second place with an arithmetic mean of (3.30). In third place came the B public health dimension with a mean value of (3.19), and came in last place the time management dimension with a mean value of (3.11). 3. There is a statistically significant negative relationship at the level of significance of less than (0.01) between psychological stresses and quality of life. This shows that the less psychological stress the study sample face the better quality of life. 4. There were no statistically significant differences at the level of significance less than (0.05) between the arithmetic means of the respondents in psychological stresses and the quality of life in accordance with gender, level of education, living standard, and educational level of their families.