The study aimed to identify The Effect of Human Resource Management at the Ministry of Education in Achieving Competitive Advantage in Post-Basic Schools in the Sultanate of Oman from the point of view of teachers and administrators. The study adopted the quantitative descriptive design; Correlation Approach. The study's tool was a questionnaire consisting of (55) items divided into two main parts; the first part was HR management represented in practices; (attraction, recruitment, training, compensation and incentives, performance assessment) while the second part was competitive advantage dimensions; (quality, innovation, flexibility, technological leadership and cost). The study population was represented in (6186) teachers and administrators of post basic schools in all governorates of the Sultanate. The study sample consisted of (637) administrators and teachers which is (10.3%) of the population of the study. The response of the study sample's individuals on the reality of HR management in the post-basic schools were "Moderate", with an average of (3.06) and a standard deviation of (0.73). The order of HR management practices from the top to bottom was: Attraction, Recruitment Performance Assessment, Training Compensation and Incentives. The estimates of study samples on reality of competitive advantage dimensions in post elementary schools were found to be with "Moderate" approval. The competitive advantage's mathematical average was (3.485), with a standard deviation of (0.732). The reality of all dimensions was "Moderate" while the order of dimensions from the most to the least available according to estimates of the study sample is as follows: cost, innovation, flexibility, technological leadership, and quality. The study's findings revealed a statistically significant effect at the significance level of (a = 0.05) for MOE-HR management practices (attraction, recruitment, training, compensation and incentives and performance assessment) in realization of competitive advantage and all its dimensions. Furthermore, training and performance assessment is the most while compensation and incentives are the least influential HR management practices in realization of competitive advantage dimensions. The study recommended a set of proposed measures, including the improvement and development of human resources management processes at the Ministry of Education, in order to achieve the dimensions of competitive advantage in post-basic education schools.