The study aimed at identifying the effectiveness of a proposed instructional unit in Social Studies to developing traffic safety awareness among Grade Four pupils in Basic Education schools. In order to achieve the goals of the study , the researcher designed an instructional unit to develop traffic awareness supported with teacher's guide , traffic awareness measurement and attainment test. After ensuring the validity and reliability of the tools used in the study, they were applied on a random sample of 29 male and females of an individual class. The results of the study were as follows: - There are statistically significant differences at the level of (0,01 ) in traffic awareness scale in favor of post-test .This indicates the effectiveness of the proposed unit in developing traffic awareness among Grade four Pupils at Basic Education . - There are statistically significant differences at the level of (0,01 ) in favor of of the post-test results This confirms the effectiveness of the proposed unit in enhancing pupils knowledge of traffic concepts, and helps develop traffic awareness among pupils in Grade four Basic Education - Presence of connecting statistical relation at level (0,01 ) between the attainment test and traffic awareness measurement after implementation of the proposed academic unit. The study contained several recommendations, mainly: - The need to introduce an instructional unit based in traffic safety and development of traffic awareness in course materials of Social Studies for the first cycle of Basic Education Schools .