The Arab reception of Western critical methods poses an infinite number of thorny problems, which the specialists are still unable to solve. This is applied in the human sciences field and also in other fields. The reception of the new rhetoric theory can serve as an illustrative example of this civilizational and cultural problem, because the examination of all the elements of this reception (the chronology of interaction through translation, terminology production, transfer of concepts and their integration, theorical and practical guideness) reveals the importance of the problem. In spite of this remark, the reception of the new rhetoric theory is distinguished by the concealment of some constitutive elements that have facilitated the tasks of the concerned Arab researchers, specifically the interest it gives to the rhetorical heritage. The problems mentioned are: Arab equivalents /plethora and dispersion, lexical dependence of the source language, neglect of the socio-cultural dimension, neglect of the textual approach in the translation of terms. These problems are referred to in this article, in three forms of reception: the presentation of the theory, the theoretical recall, and the conceptual support in the practical studies.